{"id":9037,"date":"2020-05-12T09:32:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-12T07:32:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www-old.kapcode.fr\/?p=9037"},"modified":"2021-08-23T13:17:49","modified_gmt":"2021-08-23T11:17:49","slug":"fake-news-covid-19-vaccin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/articles\/fake-news-covid-19-vaccine\/","title":{"rendered":"Fake News Covid-19 #2 - A vaccine in a few months"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Le vaccin sera-t-il disponible dans deux ou trois mois ?<\/h2>

\u274cNON<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>

Contrairement \u00e0 ce qu’on a pu entendre de la part de certaines personnalit\u00e9s, le vaccin contre le COVID-19 ne sera pas disponible avant de nombreux mois.\u00a0<\/strong>En effet, malgr\u00e9 la situation pressante, aucun vaccin ne verra le jour tant que les donn\u00e9es de\u00a0qualit\u00e9, s\u00e9curit\u00e9\u00a0et\u00a0efficacit\u00e9<\/b><\/span>\u00a0n\u2019auront pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9es<\/strong>, et tant que le moyen de le produire \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle n\u2019aura pas \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 et valid\u00e9.\u00a0<\/strong>Les instituts de recherche et les multinationales de l\u2019industrie pharmaceutique se sont engag\u00e9es fin mars 2020 \u00e0 fournir un vaccin dans un d\u00e9lai de 12 \u00e0 18 mois minimum<\/strong>.[1]<\/a><\/p>

Quels sont les projets de vaccins en cours ?<\/strong><\/h2>

De nombreuses \u00e9tudes \u00e0 travers le monde sont lanc\u00e9es pour essayer de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la production du vaccin, le plus rapidement possible.<\/p>

Un r\u00e9cent rapport de la revue sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e Nature recense aujourd\u2019hui 115 projets de vaccins<\/strong>. Ceux-ci sont en cours d\u2019\u00e9laboration ou en phase de test.[2]<\/a>[3]<\/a>[4]<\/a><\/p>

Tous les ans, on trouve un vaccin contre la grippe en moins d\u2019un an… Pourquoi est-ce si compliqu\u00e9 et long, pour les scientifiques, d’\u00e9laborer un vaccin contre le COVID-19 dont on a d\u00e9j\u00e0 identifi\u00e9 le virus ?<\/strong><\/h2>

Les vaccins ont pour but de stimuler les d\u00e9fenses immunitaires contre un agent infectieux. Pour cela, on introduit dans l\u2019organisme une r\u00e9plique de cet agent (antig\u00e8ne), rendu inoffensif pour l\u2019homme.<\/p>

Dans le cas d\u2019un vaccin contre la grippe, on conna\u00eet d\u00e9j\u00e0 la souche (antig\u00e8ne) depuis plusieurs mois gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me de probabilit\u00e9 avanc\u00e9.[5]<\/a> Cela permet d\u2019anticiper le reste de la production car conna\u00eetre l\u2019agent infectieux est une base, mais le produire \u00e0 \u00e9chelle industrielle implique de nombreuses contraintes<\/strong>. Ce passage d\u2019un seul vaccin \u00e0 une production \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle s\u2019appelle le \u201cscale up\u201d.<\/p>

Dans le vaccin contre la grippe, \u00e0 part cette nouvelle souche (le virus mut\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente), les grandes \u00e9tapes restent les m\u00eames : les process de tests de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, d\u2019essais d\u2019efficacit\u00e9, les circuits de production, les \u00e9tapes de qualit\u00e9, sont optimis\u00e9s et op\u00e9rationnels\u00a0.<\/p>

Malgr\u00e9 des \u00e9tapes rod\u00e9es, optimis\u00e9es et un processus de \u201cscale up\u201d bien connu, on compte quand m\u00eame 6 mois pour produire ce vaccin contre la grippe \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/p>

Quelles sont les contraintes dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration express du vaccin contre le COVID-19 ?<\/strong><\/h2>

Les points critiques pour la mise sur le march\u00e9 de ce vaccin sont la validation des donn\u00e9es de qualit\u00e9, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 <\/strong>[6]<\/a> mais aussi le processus de production \u00e0 \u00e9chelle industrielle<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>

– Il faut tester la s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong><\/span> de ce vaccin chez l\u2019Homme : Autant les tests obligatoires chez 3 esp\u00e8ces animales peuvent aller relativement vite, autant l\u2019\u00e9tape d\u2019apr\u00e8s de garantie d’innocuit\u00e9 (=non nocif, non toxique) chez l\u2019Homme est beaucoup plus longue (au grand minimum 6 mois).<\/p>

– L\u2019apparition d\u2019anticorps suite au vaccin et la preuve d\u2019une r\u00e9ponse efficace<\/strong><\/span> sont longues \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer chez l\u2019Homme. Il faut s\u2019assurer que l\u2019immunit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par le vaccin offre une protection \u00e0 moyen et long terme.<\/p>

– Enfin, le vaccin doit \u00eatre produit en respectant les normes de qualit\u00e9<\/strong><\/span>, et en grande quantit\u00e9 pour l\u2019ensemble de la plan\u00e8te. Le processus de production \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, \u00ab\u00a0scale up\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> est tr\u00e8s difficile \u00e0 d\u00e9finir pour un nouveau vaccin\u2026 puis long \u00e0 mettre en place. Pour finir, la distribution de ce vaccin devra r\u00e9pondre aux enjeux de sant\u00e9 publique et politiques des pays dans un contexte mondialis\u00e9 complexe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPlus d'informations #fakenews sur Epilogue<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sources<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencesetavenir.fr\/sante\/coronavirus-un-vaccin-d-ici-12-a-18-mois-minimum_142616<\/a>
[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencesetavenir.fr\/sante\/covid-19-un-vaccin-deja-en-phase-ii-en-chine_143633<\/a>
[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41573-020-00073-5<\/a>
[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-01221-y<\/a>
[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencesetavenir.fr\/sante\/question-de-la-semaine-comment-le-vaccin-contre-la-grippe-est-il-fabrique_139146<\/a>
[6]<\/a> Interview du Pr Imad Kansau, Sp\u00e9cialiste en maladies infectieuses, professeur \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie de Ch\u00e2tenay Malabry.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Will the Covid-19 vaccine be available in two or three months? No. Find out how and why to decipher this false information.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":11218,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[16,92,28,75,37],"class_list":["post-9037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19","tag-covid-19","tag-ecosysteme","tag-epilogue","tag-fake-news","tag-universite-paris-saclay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9037"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9037\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kapcode.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}